功效作用 Efficacy and Functions 止血，止泻，通经。 Stop bleeding, stop diarrhea, and regulate menstruation. 主治 Indications 吐泻，便血，血崩，乳汁不通，痈疮。 Vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stools, excessive menstrual bleeding, blocked milk ducts, and boils. 用法用量 Dosage and Administration 内服：煎汤，15-24g。外用：捣敷。 Internal use: Decoction, 15-24g. External use: mashed for poultice. 注意事项 Precautions 大量服用根芽或茎的嫩头可引起中毒。 Excessive consumption of the tender shoots of roots or stems can cause poisoning. 药理作用 Pharmacological Effects 降血糖作用。 Hypoglycemic effects. 相关论述 Relevant Discussion 1、《本草求原》：“敷虫蛇咬，并痈肿毒痛，毒箭，同盐捣汁涂蜂螫。” "Ben Cao Qiu Yuan": "For insect and snake bites, abscesses, swelling, pain, and poisonous arrows, mix with salt, crush into juice, and apply to bee stings." 2、《岭南采药录》：“治蛇虎咬，舌肿，霍乱抽筋。” 2. "Lingnan Cai Yao Lu": "Treats snake and tiger bites, swollen tongue, cholera, and muscle spasms." 3、《四川中药志》：“通乳汁，溃痈疮，排脓。治妇人乳汁不通，痈疮久不溃脓，大便中带血及红崩、腹泻。” 3. "Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Records": "Promotes lactation, treats ulcerated sores, and helps discharge pus. Used for women with blocked milk ducts, long-lasting abscesses that do not discharge pus, bloody stools, menorrhagia, and diarrhea." 临床应用 Clinical Application 1、吐泻，便血，血崩。 Vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stools, and excessive menstrual bleeding. 2、乳汁不通，痈疮。 2. Blocked milk ducts and boils. 3、引产。 3. Induced abortion. 相关配伍 Related Herbal Combinations 1、治妇人乳少：番薯叶六两，和猪腩肉煎汤尽量饮之。（《岭南采药录》） Treating insufficient breast milk in women: Take six liang of sweet potato leaves, cook with pork belly into a soup, and drink as much as possible. ("Lingnan Cai Yao Lu") 2、治面疔：番薯叶一两，金丝蜘蛛一只，黄糖少许。捣烂敷。（《岭南草药志》） 2. Treating facial furuncles: Take one liang of sweet potato leaves, one golden silk spider, and a little brown sugar. Mash and apply as a poultice. ("Lingnan Caoyao Zhi") 3、治对口疮：番薯叶、虾酱各适量，共捣烂敷。（《岭南草药志》） 3. Treating neck abscess: Take appropriate amounts of sweet potato leaves and shrimp paste, mash together, and apply as a poultice. ("Lingnan Caoyao Zhi") 4、治狂狗咬伤：生番薯叶和黄糖共捣烂贴，每日换二次，连贴数天。（《岭南草药志》） 4. Treating rabid dog bites: Mash fresh sweet potato leaves with brown sugar, apply as a poultice, change twice daily, and continue for several days. ("Lingnan Caoyao Zhi") 加工炮制 Processing and Preparation 采收加工：夏、秋季采收，切段，晒干，生用或鲜用。 Harvesting and processing: collect in summer or autumn, cut into sections, sun-dry, and use raw or fresh. 植物学信息 Botanical Information 植物种属：旋花科植物番薯。 Plant species: Ipomoea batatas, a plant of the Convolvulaceae family. 形态特征 Morphological Characteristics 一年生草本，地下部分具圆形、椭圆形或纺锤形的块根，块根的形状、皮色和肉色因品种或土壤不同而异。茎平卧或上升，偶有缠绕，多分枝，圆柱形或具棱，绿或紫色，被疏柔毛或无毛，茎节易生不定根。叶片形状、颜色常因品种不同而异，也有时在同一植株上具有不同叶形，通常为宽卵形，长4-13厘米，宽3-13厘米，全缘或3-5（-7）裂，裂片宽卵形、三角状卵形或线状披针形，叶片基部心形或近于平截，顶端渐尖，两面被疏柔毛或近于无毛，叶色有浓绿、黄绿、紫绿等，顶叶的颜色为品种的特征之一；叶柄长短不一，长2.5-20厘米，被疏柔毛或无毛。聚伞花序腋生，有1-3-7朵花聚集成伞形，花序梗长2-10.5厘米，稍粗壮，无毛或有时被疏柔毛；苞片小，披针形，长2-4毫米，顶端芒尖或骤尖，早落；花梗长2-10毫米；萼片长圆形或椭圆形，不等长，外萼片长7-10毫米，内萼片长8-11毫米，顶端骤然成芒尖状，无毛或疏生缘毛；花冠粉红色、白色、淡紫色或紫色，钟状或漏斗状，长3-4厘米，外面无毛；雄蕊及花柱内藏，花丝基部被毛；子房2-4室，被毛或有时无毛。开花习性随品种和生长条件而不同，有的品种容易开花，有的品种在气候干旱时会开花，在气温高、日照短的地区常见开花，温度较低的地区很少开花。蒴果卵形或扁圆形，有假隔膜分为4室。种子1-4粒，通常2粒，无毛。由于番薯属于异花授粉，自花授粉常不结实，所以有时只见开花不见结果。 It is an annual herb with a round, oval, or spindle-shaped tuberous root. The shape, skin color, and flesh color of the tuberous root vary depending on the variety or soil type. The stem is prostrate or ascending, occasionally twining, mostly branched, cylindrical or angled, green or purple, sparsely hairy or hairless, with nodes that easily produce adventitious roots. The shape and color of the leaves often vary depending on the variety, and sometimes different leaf shapes can be found on the same plant. The leaves are usually broadly ovate, 4–13 cm long and 3–13 cm wide, entire or 3–5(-7) lobed, with lobes that are broadly ovate, triangular-ovate, or linear-lanceolate. The leaf base is cordate or nearly truncate, apex gradually acute, and both surfaces sparsely hairy or nearly glabrous. Leaf colors include dark green, yellow-green, purple-green, etc., with the top leaf color being one of the variety’s characteristics. Petioles vary in length from 2.5 to 20 cm, sparsely hairy or glabrous. The cymose inflorescence is axillary, with 1–7 flowers clustered in an umbel-like form; peduncle 2–10.5 cm long, slightly stout, glabrous or sometimes sparsely pubescent. Bracts small, lanceolate, 2–4 mm long, apex abruptly mucronate or acuminate, caducous. Pedicels 2–10 mm long. Sepals oblong or elliptical, unequal in length: outer sepals 7–10 mm, inner ones 8–11 mm, apex abruptly tapering into awn-like tips, glabrous or sparsely ciliate. Corolla pink, white, light purple, or purple, bell-shaped or funnel-shaped, 3–4 cm long, glabrous externally. Stamens and style included; filaments hairy at base. Ovary 2–4-chambered, pubescent or sometimes glabrous. Flowering habit varies with variety and growing conditions: some varieties flower readily, others under drought; common in hot, short-day regions, rare in cooler areas. Capsule ovoid or flattened-globose, divided into 4 chambers by false septa. Seeds 1–4, usually 2, glabrous. As sweet potato is cross-pollinated, self-pollination often fails to set fruit, so flowering may occur without fruiting. 分布区域 Distribution Area 我国各地均有栽培。 Cultivated throughout China. 生长环境 Growing Environment 生于林下阴湿处或山谷石上。 Grows in shady, moist places under forests or on rocks in mountain valleys.